Rotation Key Census, July 2026

On 2026-07-21, I looked at 5.062M accounts that have been active on Bluesky / the Atmosphere in the last 30 days.

This is an update to a similar census I did about 7 months ago.

I found the following users who have strong control over their identity via rotation keys or other mechanisms:

270 users on Bluesky servers with their own rotation keys

13,201 users on third party multi-user servers with their own rotation keys

1,293 users who probably don't need additional rotation keys because they are on their own PDSes

265 users who don't need a rotation key because they are using did:web

In total, I found 15,029 recently-active users (0.299%) who have strong control over their identity.

This is an increase of about 10x over my earlier census, in which 0.036% had such control. Most of this growth is due to accounts on multi-user third-party PDSes, and can probably be attributed to PDS migration tools helping users create rotation keys as part of migration: 96.4% of users with their own rotation keys on multi-user third-party PDSes have performed at least one migration.