Rotation Key Census, December 2025

On 2025-12-7, I looked at 4.1M accounts that have been active on Bluesky / the Atmosphere recently.

I found the following users who have strong control over their identity via rotation keys or other mechanisms:

157 users on Bluesky servers with their own rotation keys

262 users on third party multi-user servers with their own rotation keys

997 users who probably don't need additional rotation keys because they are on their own PDSes

73 users who don't need a rotation key because they are using did:web

In total, I found 1,489 recently-active users (0.036%) who have strong control over their identity.

Custom rotation keys are uncommon on Bluesky PDSes (0.0034% of users), and somewhat more common on third-party multi-user PDSes (2.38% of users)